Abstract: Relying on low-altitude airspace resources, the low-altitude economy industry uses various manned/unmanned aerial vehicles for flight activities and drives the integrated development of related industries, and will become a new engine for economic growth. Firstly, the relevant concepts of the low-altitude economy and its current development status are sorted out, and its typical application scenarios and the challenges faced are analyzed. Then, the key technical problems of autonomous aircrafts in low-altitude economy are analyzed in depth, including autonomous aircraft configuration, energy management, perception and positioning, efficient communication, task planning, cooperative control and safety management, and airspace planning issues. Finally, the development trends of autonomous aircraft technology are analyzed in detail combined with the actual development situation.