面向柔性制造的具身智能综述

Embodied Intelligence for Flexible Manufacturing: A Survey

  • 摘要: 在新一代人工智能取得突破性进展的驱动下,具身智能正加速向工业制造领域渗透。柔性制造场景中的工业具身智能面临3大核心挑战:受限感知下的工艺精准建模监测难题、柔性适配与高精操控的动态平衡难题和通用技能与专用工艺的协同融合难题。为此,本文从“工业之眼、工业之手、工业之脑” 3个维度对现有工作进行综述:在感知层(工业之眼)重点探讨复杂动态环境下的多模态数据融合与实时建模方法,在控制层(工业之手)深入剖析复杂制造工艺的柔性自适应精准操控方法,在决策层(工业之脑)系统总结工艺规划与产线调度的智能优化方法。从多层级技术协同、多学科交叉融合的视角,揭示制造系统“感知―决策―执行”闭环优化的具身智能关键技术路径,提出柔性制造场景下具身智能发展的“认知增强―技能跃迁―系统进化” 3个阶段的演进模型,探讨了未来发展趋势,以期为柔性制造趋势下的工业具身智能跨学科融合发展提供理论框架和实践参考。

     

    Abstract: Driven by breakthroughs in next-generation artificial intelligence, embodied intelligence is rapidly advancing into industrial manufacturing. In flexible manufacturing, industrial embodied intelligence faces three core challenges: accurate process modeling and monitoring under limited perception, dynamic balancing between flexible adaptation and high-precision control, and the integration of general-purpose skills with specialized industrial operations. Accordingly, this survey reviews existing work from three viewpoints: Industrial Eye, Industrial Hand, and Industrial Brain. At the perception level (Industrial Eye), multimodal data fusion and real-time modeling in complex dynamic settings are examined. At the control level (Industrial Hand), flexible, adaptive, and precise manipulation for complex manufacturing processes is analyzed. At the decision level (Industrial Brain), intelligent optimization methods for process planning and line scheduling are summarized. By considering multi-level collaboration and interdisciplinary integration, this work reveals the key technological pathways of embodied intelligence for closed-loop optimization of perception-decision-execution in manufacturing systems. A three-stage evolution model for the development of embodied intelligence in flexible manufacturing scenarios, comprising cognition enhancement, skill transition, and system evolution, is proposed, and future development trends are examined, to offer both a theoretical framework and practical guidance for the interdisciplinary advancement of industrial embodied intelligence in the context of flexible manufacturing.

     

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