双臂飞行机器人视觉伺服抓取系统的设计与实现

Design and Implementation of a Visual Servoing Grasping System for Dual-arm Aerial Robots

  • 摘要: 由于双臂飞行机器人空中抓取过程中存在浮动基座干扰,现有伺服方法难以实现末端执行器精确控制。为此,本文提出一种结合双机械臂自平衡运动控制策略的基于位置的视觉伺服(PBVS)方案,提升末端执行器抓取精度。由于双机械臂仅在x-z平面内摆动,因此在该平面内对飞行机器人系统进行动力学建模。基于改进的轻量化YOLOv5s目标检测算法通过双目相机获取目标物体的精确位置信息。考虑双机械臂运动所引起的系统重心偏移产生对六旋翼无人机的力和力矩作用,在伺服抓取过程中引入一种自平衡运动控制策略尽可能削弱双机械臂运动的影响,保证六旋翼无人机位姿稳定,进而通过PBVS策略调整机械臂末端相对于目标物体的位姿,实现高精度伺服控制。在执行抓取作业任务时,主动臂先运动至目标位置,从动臂随之移动至相应位置,进而抓取目标物体。ROS仿真以及实物实验验证了所提出的PBVS策略的有效性。结果表明,该策略有效提升了机械臂末端执行器的抓取精度。

     

    Abstract: Due to the presence of floating-base disturbances during aerial grasping by a dual-arm aerial robot, current servoing methods remain inadequate for achieving precise end-effector control. For this problem, a position-based visual servoing (PBVS) scheme which incorporates a self-balancing motion control strategy of dual-arm manipulators is proposed to improve the grasping accuracy of the end-effector. The dual-arm manipulator swings within the x-z plane, so the dynamics model of the aerial robot system is established in this plane. An improved lightweight YOLOv5s-based target detection algorithm is applied to providing the accurate position information of the target by a binocular camera. Considering the force and torque effects on the hexacopter caused by the displacement of the system center-of-gravity (CoG) due to dual-arm manipulator motion, a self-balancing motion control strategy is proposed to minimize the impact of the movement of the dual-arm manipulator during the servoing grasping process, ensuring the stability of the position and orientation of the hexacopter. Consequently, the pose of the end-effector of the manipulator relative to the target object is adjusted through the PBVS strategy, achieving high-precision servoing control. In order to perform the grasping task, the active manipulator moves to the target position, and the passive manipulator moves to the corresponding position subsequently to grasp the target object. The robot operating system (ROS) simulation and physical experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed PBVS strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy can effectively improve the grasping accuracy of the end-effector of the manipulator.

     

/

返回文章
返回