一种线牵机制驱动的三指灵巧手的设计与实现

Design and Implementation of a Cable-driven Three-fingered Dexterous Hand

  • 摘要: 灵巧手通过机电系统模仿人手功能,但高自由度灵巧手普遍存在空间布局困难、耦合复杂、维护困难等问题,设计挑战显著。针对上述问题,设计了一种线牵机制驱动的全驱动三指灵巧手。该手通过一种线绳排布和关节设计,实现了11个自由度的全部解耦布局,从机械设计上解决了高自由度布局困难、机械耦合严重的问题,大大简化了灵巧手的控制难度。此外,还设计了一种线绳张紧装置,该装置能对线绳的长度变化作出自适应调整,使牵引绳时刻保持张紧状态,降低了灵巧手的维护难度。最终,所设计的灵巧手在实现与人手三指相当的高自由度结构的同时,保持了较为纤细的手指尺寸,其截面尺寸与成年男性的手指相近。同时测试了该灵巧手的抓取性能,并通过实物实验验证了线绳张紧机构对于高自由度灵巧手的重要作用,最终验证了所提硬件解耦方案的解耦效果。

     

    Abstract: The dexterous hand mimics the functions of human hands through electromechanical systems. However, how to layout the high degrees-of-freedom (DoFs) in limited space and address the mechanical coupling and maintenance problems is challenging for the design and implementation of robotic dexterous hands. Therefore, a fully actuated, three-fingered dexterous hand driven by a cable-driven mechanism is developed. By optimizing the cable arrangement and joint structure, the layout and mechanical decoupling of all 11 DoFs are achieved, effectively reducing the control complexity. This design also intends to solve the high-DoFs layout difficulties and severe mechanical coupling problem. In addition, a cable tensioning device is designed to adapt to the cable length changes, guarantee the tension of cables, and decrease the maintenance cost and difficulty. Finally, the designed dexterous hand demonstrates a high-DoFs structure similar to that of a human three-fingered hand, while keeping the fingers slender, with cross-sectional dimensions close to those of an adult male. The grasping performance of the dexterous hand is tested, the significance of the cable tensioning mechanism on the high-DoFs dexterous hand is verified by physical experiments, as well as the decoupling effect of the proposed hardware decoupling scheme.

     

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