基于改进阿尔法进化算法的共享无人机配送调度优化

Distribution Scheduling Optimization of Shared Drone Based on the Improved Alpha Evolution Algorithm

  • 摘要: 无人机配送作为低空经济的核心应用场景,其共享模式在降低物流企业初期投入的同时,还面临订单收益动态平衡、设备投资回收周期压缩与客户服务率提升的三重经营挑战。为突破现有调度策略在时空资源利用效率上的局限,本文创新性地构建了融合完全时间柔性指标的共享无人机配送调度模型,通过量化订单时间窗弹性特征实现配送任务的智能组单。针对模型强整数约束特性,提出改进的阿尔法进化算法:设计了基于全订单遍历的可行解构造机制,以保证初始种群的可行性;采用四舍五入取整的随机步长更新规则,在保证解空间离散性的同时提升局部搜索精度;引入周期性边界限制算子,通过周期映射维持种群多样性。基于美团外卖真实订单数据的仿真实验表明,当完全时间柔性订单占比达100% 时,相较于刚性时间窗场景,可实现日均收益提升1237.42元(+23.6%),设备回本周期缩短75.99天(-19.21%),订单服务率提高1.63%。研究证实时间柔性订单占比与运营效益存在显著正相关性,为物流平台构建“刚性保障+ 弹性优化”的混合调度体系提供了决策支持,其算法框架可扩展应用于即时配送、应急物流等多任务调度场景。

     

    Abstract: Drone distribution is the core application scenario of low-altitude economy. Its sharing mode not only reduces the initial investment of logistics enterprises, but also faces the triple operation challenges, including dynamic balance of order income, compression of equipment investment recovery cycle, and improvement of customer service rate. In order to break through the limitations of the existing scheduling strategies in the utilization efficiency of space-time resources, this paper innovatively constructs a shared drone distribution scheduling model integrating the complete time flexibility index, and realizes the intelligent grouping of distribution tasks by quantifying the elastic characteristics of the order time window. Aiming at the strong integer constraint of the model, an improved alpha evolution algorithm is proposed. A feasible solution construction mechanism based on full order traversal is designed to ensure the feasibility of the initial population. The random step size updating rule of rounding is adopted to improve the local search accuracy while ensuring the discreteness of solution space. The periodic boundary restriction operator is introduced to maintain the population diversity through periodic mapping. The simulation experiment based on the real order data of Meituan takeout shows that when the full-time flexible order accounts for 100%, the average daily income can be increased by 1237.42 yuan (+23.6%), the equipment return cycle can be shortened by 75.99 days (-19.21%), and the order service rate can be increased by 1.63%, compared with the rigid time window scenario. The research confirms that there is a significant positive correlation between the proportion of time flexible orders and operational benefits, which provides decision support for the logistics platform to build a hybrid scheduling system of "rigid support-elastic optimization", and its algorithm framework can be extended to multi-task scheduling scenarios such as instant distribution and emergency logistics.

     

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