面向无人机的多源异构传感器融合地图建立方法

Multi-source and Heterogeneous Sensor Fusion-based Mapping Method for UAV

  • 摘要: 基于异构距离传感器构建全局空间占据栅格地图时存在高内存需求、标定对齐以及噪点干扰敏感等问题,为此,提出了直接栅格法来构建融合栅格地图。首先,采用环形缓存方式实现栅格地图滑动更新,减少栅格量以降低内存消耗,同时结合感知与控制误差模型,推导了高速飞行时的地图更新误差式,确定滑动栅格数,并构建了栅格分辨率、范围缩放因子与飞行速度的关系式。其次,基于栅格分辨率与雷达探测模型逆向求解成像雷达的尺度变换倍数,实现了激光雷达与成像雷达点云数据直接映射和对齐在统一的栅格空间内。最后,提出了“概率地形图”更新策略,通过加权计算占据概率并引入更新系数,提升了栅格地图在复杂环境下的抗噪性能和鲁棒性。结果表明,滑动更新策略显著减少了栅格地图的内存占用量与构建时间,同时使构建时间的极差下降了16 ms,降低了计算波动;在开源激光雷达与成像雷达数据集NTU4DRadLM的烟雾干扰场景中进行对比实验,证明了直接栅格法在构建多源异构融合栅格地图时具备较低时延和较强抗干扰性;在实际大规模复杂地形作业任务中,内存占用量稳定在1.5~2 GB范围内,满足无人机嵌入式计算单元的资源约束。

     

    Abstract: Aiming at the problems of high memory requirements, calibration alignment and noise interference in the construction of global space occupancy grid map based on heterogeneous distance sensors, a direct gridding method is proposed for constructing the fused occupancy grid map. Firstly, a ring buffer is used to implement the sliding update of the grid map, reducing the number of grids to lower memory consumption. Meanwhile, the perception and control error model is adopted to derive the map update error formula during high-speed flight, the number of sliding grids is established, and the relationship among grid resolution, range scaling factor and flight speed is constructed. Secondly, the scale transformation factors of imaging radar are inversely solved based on the grid resolution and radar detection model, allowing for direct mapping and alignment of LiDAR and imaging radar point clouds to a unified grid space. Finally, a strategy for updating the "probability topographic map" is proposed, and anti-interference ability and robustness of the grid map in complex environments are enhanced by weighting the occupancy probability and introducing update coefficient. Results show that the sliding update strategy significantly reduces both the memory usage and construction time of the grid map; meanwhile, the range of construction time decreases by 16 ms, reducing computational fluctuations; in the smoke interference scene in the NTU4DRadLM open-source dataset based on LiDAR and imaging radar, the direct gridding method reduces the latency and enhances the resistance to interference while constructing a multi-source heterogeneous fusion-based grid map. In the actual large-scale complex terrain task, the memory occupancy remains stable within the range of 1.5~2 GB, thereby meeting the resource constraints of the embedded computing unit in UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle).

     

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