基于车-臂协同策略的移动机械臂柔顺开门技术

Compliant Door-opening Technology for Mobile Manipulator Based on Platform-manipulator Collaboration Strategy

  • 摘要: 针对无人环境中开门作业的需求,提出了一种基于车-臂协同策略的移动机械臂柔顺开门技术,主要应用于核泄漏、核辐射等危险环境,旨在通过车-臂协同耦合运动使移动机械臂完成开门任务。首先,采用相机与雷达对周围环境进行感知,获取门及门把手的精确位置,并基于门平面点云数据提出了一种门开度检测算法。针对抓取与旋拧门把手的任务,设计了一种基于模型参考的自适应阻抗柔顺控制器,提升了机械臂在开门过程中的柔顺性和抗干扰能力。此外,构建了面向车-臂协同开门运动的多任务模块规划框架,在运动学层面上耦合机械臂与移动平台,实现了自主柔顺开门功能。最后,搭建了移动机械臂实验平台并进行了开门测试,与传统柔顺控制方法进行对比。实验结果表明,本文提出的自适应柔顺控制器相比传统阻抗控制器,接触力抖动范围缩小了30%;同时,所设计的开门策略能够顺利完成70°夹角的开门任务。实验验证了自适应阻抗控制器在提升机械臂柔顺性方面的有效性,以及车-臂协同开门策略在移动机械臂柔顺开门过程中的可行性与有效性。

     

    Abstract: In response to the demand for door-opening tasks in unmanned environments, a compliant door-opening technology for mobile manipulator based on a platform-manipulator collaboration strategy is proposed. This technology is primarily applied to hazardous environments such as nuclear leakage and radiation, aiming to enable the mobile manipulator to complete door-opening tasks through platform-manipulator collaboration motion. Firstly, cameras and radars are used to perceive the surrounding environment and accurately obtain the positions of the door and the door handle. A door-opening degree detection algorithm based on the door plane point cloud data is proposed. For the task of grasping and rotating the door handle, a model-based adaptive impedance compliant controller is designed to improve the manipulator’s compliance and anti-interference ability during the door-opening process. In addition, a multi-task modular planning framework for platform-manipulator collaboration motion is established, which couples the manipulator and mobile platform at the kinematic level, achieving autonomous compliant door opening. Finally, a mobile manipulator experimental platform is built,and door-opening tests are conducted, comparing the results with traditional compliant control methods. The experimental results show that the proposed adaptive compliant controller reduces the contact force oscillation range by 30% compared to the traditional impedance controller. At the same time, the designed door-opening strategy successfully completes a 70° door-opening task. The experiments validate the effectiveness of the adaptive impedance controller in improving the manipulator compliance and confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the platform-manipulator collaboration based door-opening strategy in the compliant door-opening process of mobile manipulators.

     

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