Abstract: The inherent mechanical structure of industrial robots leads to significant positioning errors and stiffness anisotropy during motion, limiting their application in the polishing scenarios with stringent requirements for high surface integrity, such as in molds, aerospace structural components, etc. Force-controlled precision polishing technology is a necessary choice to address these challenges and expand the application of robots to precision polishing process. For this purpose, this paper introduces the main methods to implement robotic force-controlled polishing technology, and expounds the key issues restricting the performance improvement of force-controlled polishing from the perspectives of force control system structure and control strategy. Furthermore, the intrinsic relationships between the polished surface quality and some factors are explored based on surface waviness and surface roughness, such as polishing path, robot processing pose, positioning accuracy, and process parameter. The research progress of robotic force-controlled precision polishing is systematically reviewed, and some existing problems and future development directions of force-controlled polishing technology are discussed.