基于形状分析和概率推理的机器人抓取技术

Robotic Grasping Technology Based on Shape Analysis and Probabilistic Reasoning

  • 摘要: 抓取异形物体任务中,因物体形状结构复杂多样,搬运物体时可能发生晃动脱落的问题。针对上述问题,本文提出基于形状分析和概率推理的机器人抓取技术。首先,分析物体点云的分散性和平整度,生成候选抓取位姿集合;其次,在仿真场景中,定性分析物体晃动脱落的影响因素,在仿真中统计成功完成抓取和旋转平移实验的次数,使用条件期望定量分析法推理抓取位姿的稳定性,训练PointNet鉴别器来评估候选抓取位姿并对其排序;最后以最佳抓取位姿完成抓取。实验结果表明,该方法能解决异形物体在抓取搬运过程中发生晃动脱落的问题。与基准方法相比,抓取平均成功率为89.2%,提升2.6%;搬运的平均稳定性达到84.2%,提升22.7%。该方法能够在多物体堆叠场景中智能抓取物体,保持抓取搬运操作的稳定性,形成合理抓取顺序。

     

    Abstract: In the task of grasping irregular objects, the transported objects may shake and fall off due to their complex and diverse shapes and structures. For these issues, a robotic grasping technology based on shape analysis and probabilistic reasoning is proposed. Firstly, the dispersivity and flatness of the object's point cloud are analyzed to generate a set of candidate grasping poses. Then, the factors influencing the shaking and falling off of the object are qualitatively analyzed in the simulation scenario, and the number of successful grasping and rotation-translation experiments is statistically counted in the simulation. The stability of the grasp pose is quantitatively analyzed using the conditional expectation method, and a PointNet discriminator is trained to evaluate and rank the candidate grasp poses. The grasping is ultimately completed with the optimal grasp pose. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can solve the issue of shaking and falling off of irregular objects during the grasping and transporting process. Compared with the benchmark method, the average grasping success rate is improved to 89.2%, an increase of 2.6%, and the average transportation stability is enhanced to 84.2%, an increase of 22.7%. The proposed method enables intelligent grasping of objects in multi-object stacking scenarios, ensuring stability during the grasping and transporting process, and establishing a logical sequence for grasping.

     

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