“工”字变体旋翼飞行器动态重构运动分析与姿态控制

Dynamic Reconfiguration Motion Analysis and Attitude Control of H-shaped Transformable Rotorcraft

  • 摘要: 目前的串联式变体旋翼飞行器可应对受限空间下的运动要求,但通常存在高通过性构形稳定飞行控制不易和变体过程中重心时变带来的控制不平顺的问题。为此,本文提出了一种“工”字可变构形倾转旋翼飞行器。机体采用分段式旋绕结构,在以两端机臂绕中心机体旋转达成串联式高通过性构形的同时解决重心不在本体的困扰。在机体飞行控制方式分析和运动模型构建的基础上,提出了基于运动特性值的动态PID(比例-积分-微分)控制方法及分配策略。对高通过性构形下的运动姿态控制响应能力、重构过程中的控制稳定性进行了实验论证。实际飞行实验结果显示,高通过性构形下各轴姿态角的最大跟踪误差不超过4°,跟踪响应时长不超过0.15 s,最大可通过尺寸可缩减至一般飞行构态的44.2%;构形重构过程中,各轴姿态角误差能够被控制在±2.3°以内。上述高通过性构形飞行体现了良好的运动响应特性,过渡构形下的控制响应整体平顺。总体来看,飞行器具备良好的连续穿越飞行运动能力。

     

    Abstract: Current tandem-type transformable rotorcrafts can realize the motion in a limited space, but some problems still exist in the stable flight control in the high-passability configuration, and also in the smooth control during the transforming process, caused by the time-varying center-of-gravity. To solve these problems, an H-shaped transformable tilt-rotor aircraft is proposed. The aircraft body is a segmented rotational structure, with both sides of arms spinning around the body. In this way, not only the tandem-type high-passability configuration is achieved, but also the adverse situation is avoided that the center-of-gravity locates outside the body. After the analyses on the aircraft flight control methods and the construction of motion models, a dynamic PID (proportional-integral-differential) control method and the corresponding allocation strategy are proposed based on motion characteristic values. The experimental verification is conducted on the motion attitude control response ability in the high-passability configuration, and the control stability during reconfiguration. Results of actual flight experiments show that, with the high-passability configuration, the maximum tracking error of the attitude angle in each axis is less than 4°, the tracking response time is less than 0.15 s, and the maximum passing-through size can be reduced to 44.2% compared to that of the normal flight configuration; in the reconfiguration process, attitude angle errors in each axis can be controlled within ±2.3°. The mentioned flight in high-passability configuration reflects a good motion response characteristics, while the control response is generally smooth in the transition configuration. Overall, the aircraft has a good ability of the continuous traversal flight.

     

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