基于改进相关性扫描匹配的室内大场景下移动机器人的全局定位方法
Global Localization Method for Mobile Robot in Large Indoor Scene Based on the Improved Correlative Scan Matching
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摘要: 现有的大多数全局定位方案着重于从原始激光点云或者栅格地图中提取特征点及其描述符, 但在环境特征稀疏的某些室内大场景内, 无法有效提取特征。针对这种情况, 本文使用相关性扫描匹配(CSM)算法进行全局定位, 并通过计算点对位姿解算的贡献度, 改进了CSM算法中的点云降采样步骤和角度步长计算步骤。最后, 使用改进前后的算法在仿真环境与实际环境中进行对比实验。实验结果表明, 相较于原CSM算法, 改进后算法的定位成功率提高了约1.5%, 算法耗时缩短了约1.1 s, 证明本文算法比原CSM算法更适用于室内大场景。Abstract: Most existing approaches to global localization are based on extracting feature points and their descriptors from raw laser scans or occupancy grid maps, and can't extract features efficiently in some large indoor scenes with sparse environment features. For this problem, correlative scan matching (CSM) algorithm is applied to the global localization task. By calculating the contribution of points to pose solving, the CSM algorithm is improved in the point cloud downsampling part and in the angular step-size choosing part. Finally, comparative experiments on the algorithm before and after improvement are performed in both simulation environments and real environments. Results show that, compared with the original CSM algorithm, the localization success rate of the improved algorithm is increased by 1.5%, and the time consumption is reduced by 1.1 s, which proves that the improved algorithm in this paper is more suitable for large indoor scene than the original CSM algorithm.