Abstract: The development and research status of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compatible brain surgery robots are reviewed. Firstly, the technical characteristics of various imaging methods are systematically summarized, and the necessity of developing MRI-compatible brain surgery robot is clarified. Then, the technical features of MRI-compatible brain surgery robots are analyzed based on key requirements such as actuation methods, material selection, and MRI compatibility. Finally, the potential application and developmental bottlenecks of piezoelectric actuation in this field are discussed from the perspectives of actuation principles, performance characteristics, and MRI compatibility. Overall, piezoelectric actuation technology offers critical support for the advancement of MRI-compatible brain surgery robots, owing to its excellent MRI compatibility.