Abstract: The collection of extraterrestrial resources not only relieves the pressure from Earth’s depleting mineral reserves, but also significantly reduces the costs and risks of transporting materials from Earth, providing critical support for long-term habitation and deep-space exploration missions. This article focuses on the research progress of large-scale planetary resource collection robots. Firstly, the types of planetary resources and their utilization prospects are analyzed, followed by a systematic review of small-scale planetary regolith collection robots deployed in past space missions, current research on large-scale resource collection robots, and relevant technologies derived from terrestrial mining equipment. Then, the challenges posed by planetary environmental constraints, terrestrial technical limitations, long-distance operational constraints,and legal-ethical factors to resource collection are explored. Secondly, the key technologies of large-scale resource collection robots from conceptual design to prototype development are elaborated in detail, encompassing design and manufacturing,process handling and methods, autonomous control, energy system design, and ground testing. Finally, the future development trends for large-scale resource collection robots are discussed, including the diversification of resource collection,the advancement of intelligent control, the implementation of multi-robot collaborative collection, and the integration of collection and construction systems. Based on this, three stages of future development are proposed.