微型扑翼飞行器的动态建模与高机动控制

Dynamic Modeling and High Maneuverability Control of Flapping-wing Micro Aerial Vehicle

  • 摘要: 针对无尾翼的扑翼飞行器的轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于准稳态模型的耦合轨迹跟踪控制器。首先,结合准定常模型和叶素法对飞行器的气动特性进行建模与分析,构建飞行器的准稳态气动力模型。其次,采用四元数描述飞行器的姿态,建立了扑翼飞行器的耦合动力学模型,以全面反映飞行器的运动特性。在控制器设计阶段,基于未解耦的飞行器动力学模型,引入中间控制量,设计了基于模型的位置—姿态双环耦合控制方案,以实现高精度的轨迹跟踪控制。基于李雅普诺夫理论的分析,证明了所设计的控制系统的全局稳定性。最后,通过仿真与实飞实验对控制器的性能进行验证。在仿真验证与实际飞行测试时,设定样机跟踪螺旋上升轨迹和V字形轨迹。仿真中,样机在跟踪时展现出了快速响应能力,并能保持稳定的姿态;在实际飞行测试中,样机成功完成了螺旋上升轨迹的跟踪,并在6 s内精确执行了V字形轨迹跟踪任务,充分证明了所设计的控制器的有效性。

     

    Abstract: A coupling trajectory tracking controller based on a quasi-steady model is proposed for the trajectory tracking problem of tailless flapping-wing vehicle. Firstly, the aerodynamic characteristics of the vehicle are modeled and analyzed using the quasi-static model and the blade element method, resulting in the construction of a quasi-steady aerodynamic model. Secondly, the attitude of the vehicle is described using quaternions, and a coupled dynamic model of the flapping-wing aerial vehicle is established to comprehensively reflect its motion characteristics. In the controller design phase, an intermediate control variable is introduced, and a model-based dual-loop coupled control scheme for position and attitude is designed based on the undecoupled dynamic model of the vehicle, to achieve high-precision trajectory tracking control. The global stability of the control system is proven through an analysis based on Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulations and actual flight experiments are conducted. The prototype is set to track a spiral ascent trajectory and a V-shaped trajectory. In the simulations, the prototype demonstrates rapid response capability during the tracking process and maintains stable posture. In the actual flight experiments, the prototype completes the tracking of the spiral ascent trajectory and executes the V-shaped trajectory tracking task within 6 s, proving the effectiveness of the designed controller.

     

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