Abstract：Humanoid head and facial expression is one of active domains in the study of robots, which arouses many researchers'interest. This paper introduces summarily situation of study in the making of humanoid head and producing of facial expression. Meanwhile, the future emphasis and developing direction of the study are forecasted.
[1] Albert Mehrabian. Communication without words[J].Psychology Today, 1968,2(4). [2] Breazeal C. Robot in society:friend or aliance[A].In Proceedings of the 1999 Autonomous Agents Workshop on Emotion-Based Agent Architectures[C].Seattle:WA,1999B:18-26. [3] Breazeal C, Scassellati B. How to build robots that make friends and influence people[A].1999,IROS' 99[C].858-863. [4] Breazeal C, Scassellati B. A context-dependent attention system for a social robot[A].In Proceedings of the Sixteenth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence(IJCAI99)[C].Stockholm, Sweden:1146-1151. [5] Cynthia Breazeal. Sociable Machines:Expressive social exchange between humans and robots[D].MIT, 2000. [6] Breazeal C, Scassellati B. Infant-like social interactions between a robot and a human caretaker[J].Adaptive Behavior, 2000,8(1). [7] BREAZEAL C. Emotive qualities in robot speech[A].In Proceedings of IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems(IROS-2001) IEEE,2001[C].1389-1394. [8] Breazeal C. Designing Sociable Robots[M].MIT Press, 2002. [9] Hiroyasu Miwa, Hideaki Takanobu, Atsuo Takanishi. Human-like head robot WE-3RV for emotional human-robot interaction[A].Fourteenth CISM-IFToMM Symposium[C].RoManSy 2002. 519-526. [10] Hiroyasu Miwa, Tomohiko Umetsu, Atsuo Takanishi, Hideaki Takanobu. Human-like robot head that has olfactory sensation and facial color expression[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation[C].2001. 459-464. [11] Hiroyasu Miwa, Tomohiko Umetsu, Atsuo Takanishi, Hideaki Takanobu. Robot personalization based on the mental dynamics[A].Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems[C].2000. 8-14. [12] Hiroyasu Miwa, Atsuo Takanishi, Hideaki Takanobu. Experimental study on robot personality for humanoid head robot[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems[C].2001. 1183-1188. [13] Hiroyasu Miwa, Atsuo Takanishi, Hideaki Takanobu. Development of a human-like head robot WE-3RV with various robot personalities[A].Proceedings of IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoids Robots[C].2001. 117-124. [14] Hiroyasu Miwa, Tomohiko Umetsu, Atsuo Takanishi, Hideaki Takanobu. Robot personality based on the equations of emotion defined in the 3D mental space[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation[C].2001. 2602-2607. [15] Atsuo Takanishi, Kensuke Sato, Kunio Segawa, Hideaki Takanobu, Hiroyasu Miwa. An anthropomorphic head-eye robot expressing emotions based on equations of emotion[A].Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation[C].2000. 2243-2249. [16] Hiroyasu Miwa, Hideaki takanobu, Atsuo Takanishi. Human like robot head that has personality based on equations of emotion[A].Preprints of the Sixth Symposium on Theory of Machines and Mechanisms[C].2000. 1-8. [17] Ekman P, Friesen W V. Facial Action Coding System[M].California:Consulting Psychologisis Press, Palo Alto. 1977. [18] Fumio Hara, Hidetoshi Akazawa, Hiroshi Kobayashi. Realistic facial expressions by SMA driven face robot[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication[C].(2001-09). 504-510. [19] Hiroshi Kobayashi, Ichikawa Y, Tsuji T. Face robot-toward realtime-rich facial expressions[A].Proceedings of IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Interactive Communication[C].(2001-09). 518-523. [20] Hiroshi Kobayashi, Ichikawa Y, Tsuji T, Kikuchi K. Development on face robot for real facial expressions[A].Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems[C].Maui, Hawaii, USA:2001. 2215-2220. [21] Hiroshi KOBAYASHI, Seiji SUZUKI, Hisanori TAKAHASHI, Akira TANGE and Kohki KIKUCHI. Automatic contour extraction of facial organs for frontal facial images with various facial expressions[J].JSME International Journal Series C, 2002,45(1):298-305. [22] Ying-li Tian, Takeo Kanade, Jeffrey F. Cohn recognizing action units for facial expression analysis[J].In Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 2001,23(2). [23] Sethu Vijayakumar, Jorg Conradt, Tomohiro Shibata, Stefan Schaal. Overt visual attention for a humanoid robot[A].In Proc International Conference in Robotics and Autonomous Systems(IROS 2001)[C].Hawaii:2001. 2332-2337. [24] Sethu Vijayakumar, Aaron D'Souza, Tomohiro Shibata, Jorg Conradt, Stefan Schaal. Statistical learning for humanoid robots[J].Autonomous Robots, 2002,12(1):55-69. [25] Hideki Kozima, Cocoro Nakagawa, and Hiroyuki Yano. Emergence of imitation mediated by objects[A].The Second International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics[C] (Edinburgh, Scotland):2002. [26] Kozima H. Infanoid:a babybot that explores the social environment. In Dautenhahn, K, Bond, A H, Ca namero, L, and Edmonds, B.(eds). Socially Intelligent Agents:Creating Relationships with Computers and Robots[M].2002. 157-164, Kluwer:Academic Publishers. [27] Kenji Suzuki, Riku Hikiji and Shuji Hashimoto. Development of an autonomous humanoid robot[J].ISHA, for Harmonized Human-Machine Environment. Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics, 2002,14(5):324-332. [28] Worldwide EAP(Artificial Muscles) Newsletter[J].2002,4(1). [29] Richardson RC, Watterson K, Levesley M, Brown M, Hawkes J, Walker P. Biologically inspired control for artificial muscles[A].SPIE conference on Electroactive polymer actuators and devices[C].March, California:2002.
