杨连超, 张闯, 王瑞乾, 张艺伟, 谭文君, 刘连庆. 生命—机电系统融合的类生命机器人[J]. 机器人, 2023, 45(1): 89-109. DOI: 10.13973/j.cnki.robot.220225
引用本文: 杨连超, 张闯, 王瑞乾, 张艺伟, 谭文君, 刘连庆. 生命—机电系统融合的类生命机器人[J]. 机器人, 2023, 45(1): 89-109. DOI: 10.13973/j.cnki.robot.220225
YANG Lianchao, ZHANG Chuang, WANG Ruiqian, ZHANG Yiwei, TAN Wenjun, LIU Lianqing. Bio-Syncretic Robots Composed of Living-Electromechanical Systems[J]. ROBOT, 2023, 45(1): 89-109. DOI: 10.13973/j.cnki.robot.220225
Citation: YANG Lianchao, ZHANG Chuang, WANG Ruiqian, ZHANG Yiwei, TAN Wenjun, LIU Lianqing. Bio-Syncretic Robots Composed of Living-Electromechanical Systems[J]. ROBOT, 2023, 45(1): 89-109. DOI: 10.13973/j.cnki.robot.220225

生命—机电系统融合的类生命机器人

Bio-Syncretic Robots Composed of Living-Electromechanical Systems

  • 摘要: 类生命机器人是一种由生命系统与机电系统在分子、细胞、组织尺度有机融合而成的新型机器人, 具有能量转换效率高、续航时间长、小型化等潜在优点, 可为突破传统机器人在驱动、感知、智能等方面所面临的瓶颈提供新的思路。本文围绕类生命机器人的研究现状, 首先根据不同的生命材料(如心肌细胞、骨骼肌细胞、神经-肌肉、昆虫肌肉组织、微生物)对现有类生命机器人进行了系统性的归类与介绍。然后, 对类生命机器人常用的非生命材料(如聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、水凝胶)、控制方法(如电控制、光控制、化学控制、磁控制)及其应用场景(如微型机器人、芯片实验室、生物医学)进行了详细的讨论。最后, 对类生命机器人研究所面临的潜在挑战与可能的发展方向进行了分析与展望。

     

    Abstract: Bio-syncretic robots are a new type of robots formed by the organic fusion of living systems and electromechanical systems at the molecular, cellular and tissue scales, which have the potential advantages of high energy conversion efficiency, long endurance and miniaturization, and can provide new ideas to break through the bottlenecks faced by traditional robots in terms of drive, sensing, intelligence and so on. Focusing on the research status of bio-syncretic robots, this review systematically classifies and introduces existing bio-syncretic robots firstly according to different living materials (such as cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, neuro-muscle, insect muscle tissue, and microorganisms). Subsequently, the commonly used non-living materials (such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hydrogel), control methods (such as electrical control, optical control, chemical control, magnetic control) and application scenarios of bio-syncretic robots (such as micro-robots, lab on a chip, biomedicine) are discussed in detail. Finally, the potential challenges and possible development directions of bio-syncretic robot research are analyzed and prospected.

     

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