An Implantable Multi-channel Neural Electrical Stimulation System
ZHANG Dian1, YANG Zhihua1, YU Dongchuan1,2
1. School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210096, China
An implantable multi-channel neural electrical stimulation system is designed,which is applicable to the motor control of rats by stimulating some particular brain areas of the rats.It basically consists of two parts,the remote command transmitter device(RCTD) and the implantable multi-channel neural stimulation system(IMNSS).The RCTD includes a control software(designed by VC++ in PC or laptop) and a wireless transmitter(realized by CC2430).The IMNSS is mainly composed of a wireless receiver,a pulse-width-modulation to analog converter(PWMAC) circuit,a voltage-controlled constant current source,and a multi-channel analog switch.For the IMNSS,by using CC2430 as micro controller unit(MCU), a microcontroller and a wireless communication module are integrated into one chip,which can reduce the size and weight. Thus,the IMNSS is 20 mm×25 mm×3 mm in size,7 g in weight(including 3 g,the weight of a rechargeable lithium ion battery),and with a 3 hours working time.The PWMAC can make CC2430 without DAC(digital-to-analog converter) function generate adjustable voltage signals.Through the voltage-controlled constant current source,the adjustable voltage signals will generate adjustable constant current signals,which will generate adjustable biphasic constant current source signals for neural stimulation by the usage of the multi-channel analog switch.Lateral medial forebrain bundle(MFB) and bilateral primary somatosensory cortex and barrel field(S1BF) are selected as the brain sites to be stimulated,and each brain site is implanted into a pair of electrodes.Each pair of electrodes as one channel is connected with the IMNSS,so that the RCTD can regulate the parameters of the neural stimulation signal of each channel in real time.Experiments show that current stimulation of MFB with proper parameters can generate virtual reward which drives a rat to move forward,and current stimulation of S1BF with proper parameters can be used to make a rat turn left or right.
[1] Hoizer R,Shimoyama I.Locomotion control of a bio-robotic system via electric stimulation[C]//IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems.Piscataway,NJ,USA:IEEE,1997:1514-1519.
[2] Talwar S K,Xu S H,Hawley E S,et al.Rat navigation guided by remote control[J]. Nature,2002,417(6884):37-38.
[3] Brown S.Stealth sharks to patrol the high seas[J]. Newscientist,2006(2541):31-32.
[4] Xu S H,Talwar S K,Hawley E S,et al.A multi-channel telemetry system for brain micro stimulation in freely roaming animals[J]. Journai of Neuroscience Methods,2004,133(1/2):57-63.
[5] 王勇,苏学成,槐瑞托,等.动物机器人遥控导航系统[J]. 机器人,2006,28(2):183-186.Wang Y,Su X C,Huai R T.A telemetry navigation system for animal-robots[J]. Robot,2006,28(2):183-186.
[6] 张韶岷,王鹏,郑筱祥,等.大鼠遥控导航及其行为训练系统的研究[J]. 中国生物医学工程学报,2007,33(6):830-836.Zhang S M,Wang P,Zhang X X,et al.Researches of control system for rat remote navigation and behavior training[J]. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering,2007,33(6):830-836.
[7] 李海鹏,戴振东,谭华,等.壁虎动物机器人遥控系统[J]. 计算机技术与发展,2008,18(8):16-19.Li H P,Dai Z D,Tan H,et ai.A remote system for gecko animalrobot[J]. Computer Technology and Development,2008,18(8):16-19.
[8] Song W G,Chai J,Han T Z,et al.A remote controlled multimode micro-stimulator for freely moving animals[J]. Acta Physiologica,2006,58(2):183-188.
[9] Hermer-Vazquez L,Hermer-Vasquez R,Rybinnik I,et al.Rapid learning and flexible memory in "habit" tasks in rats trained with brain stimulation reward[J]. Physiology & Behavior,2005,84(5):753-759.
[10] Romo R,Hemandez A,Zainos A,et al.Sensing without touching psychophysical performance based on cortical micro stimulation[J]. Neuron,2000,26(1):273-278.
[11] 黄明慧,梁国礼.高等数学与工程数学[M]. 广州:华南理工大学出版社,1993:33-55.Huang M H,Liang G L.Advanced engineering mathematics[M]. Guangzhou:South China University of Technology Press,1993:33-35.
[12] 童诗白,华成英.模拟电子技术基础[M]. 3版.北京:高等教育出版社,2001:311-312.Tong S B,Hua C Y.Fundamentals of analog circuits[M]. 3rd ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2001:311-312.
[13] Tehovnik E J.Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavior responses[J]. Journal of Neuroscience Methods,1996,65(1):1-17.
[14] Lou M,Eschenfelder C C,Herdegen T,et al.Therapeutic window for use of hyperbaric oxygenation in focal transient ischemia in rats[J]. Stroke,2004,35(2):578-583.
[15] 杨俊卿,苏学成,槐瑞托,等.基于新型多通道脑神经刺激遥控系统的动物机器人研究[J]. 自然科学进展,2007,11(3):379-384.Yang J Q,Su X C,Huai R T,et al.A study based on new multi-channel neural stimulation remote control system for biorobot[J]. Progress in Natural Science,2007,11(3):379-384.
[16] PaxinosG,Waston C.大鼠脑立体定位图谱[M]. 诸葛启钏,译.3版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005:86-97.Paxinos G,Waston C.The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates[M]. Zhuge Q C,trans.3rd ed.Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2005:86-97.
[17] 朱大年,吴博威,樊小力.生理学[M]. 7版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2008:21-22.Zhu D N,Wu B W,Fan X L.Physiology[M]. 7th ed.Beijing:People's Medical Publishing House,2008:21-22.