绳驱连续型机器人残余振动抑制的动力学驱动优化设计

Optimization of Dynamic Driving Design for Residual Vibration Suppression of Cable-driven Continuum Robots

  • 摘要: 连续型机器人在快速驱动时自身显著的柔性特征在运动过程中会产生显著的残余振动现象,显著影响了运动精度。为此,本文基于绳驱连续型机器人的动力学模型,提出一种适于在任意构形下抑制残余振动的驱动优化设计方法。建立了以绳索长度为连续型机器人驱动量的微分代数方程模型,并基于此模型对多种典型绳驱连续型机器人的残余振动影响因素进行分析,进一步采用NURBS(非均匀有理B样条)曲线参数化动力学驱动规律并建立优化数学列式以极小化残余振动。实验结果表明,在驱动优化前快速运动(1 s)和中速运动(5 s)的残余振动最大振幅分别为108.4、11.1 mm,而经过驱动优化后分别降低为20.1、0.9 mm,残余振动指标最多降低84.5%,充分验证本文的动力学驱动优化设计的有效性。此外,将本文方法应用于快速瞄准和物体快速转移典型场景,可以发现连续型机器人的动态运动性能均显著提升。

     

    Abstract: When continuum robots are driven at high speeds, their inherent flexibility leads to significant residual vibrations during motion, which severely impacts motion precision. To address this issue, this paper proposes a driving optimization design method for suppressing residual vibrations in any configuration, based on the dynamic model of cable-driven continuum robots. A differential-algebraic equation model is developed, taking cable length as the driving variable for the continuum robot. This model is then used to analyze the factors influencing residual vibrations in various typical cable-driven continuum robots. Furthermore, a NURBS(non-uniform rational B-spline) curve-based dynamic driving laws is devised, and an optimization mathematical formulation is derived to minimize residual vibrations. Experimental results show that, prior to driving optimization, the maximum residual vibration amplitudes during high-speed(1 s) and medium-speed(5 s) motions are 108.4 and 11.1 mm, respectively. After optimization, these amplitudes are reduced to 20.1 and 0.9 mm, achieving up to 84.5% reduction in residual vibration indicator. These results strongly validate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic driving optimization design method. Additionally, the proposed method is applied to scenarios such as rapid targeting and fast object transfer, significantly enhancing the dynamic motion performance of the continuum robot.

     

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