Abstract: The space docking mechanism, as a critical component of space technology systems, serves as a core device for on-orbit interaction, functional expansion, and mission upgrading of spacecraft. Starting from its technical background, development history, and mechanism classification, this paper analyzes the evolution trend of space docking mechanisms. 5 key technologies involved in the docking process are reviewed, including system design and integration, navigation guidance and control, sensing and measurement, dynamics design and control, as well as simulation and ground testing. Furthermore, the development trends of space docking mechanisms are envisioned, aiming to furnish reference and technical pathways for the design and innovation of next-generation space docking systems.