Abstract: A robot vision location based on developmental algorithm of monoamine neurotransmitters modulation is proposed to solve the problem that a large number of neurons need to be allocated in vision location task based on general developmental algorithms. Firstly, the monoamine neurotransmitter theory of dopamine and serotonin controlling a variety of physiological functions in the brain is introduced to realize neural modulation. Then, the developmental algorithm of monoamine neurotransmitters modulation is established based on general developmental algorithms. The robot uses autonomous trial and error strategies to complete the process of reinforcement learning, store "memory", and dynamically change the learning rate, and ultimately it realizes vision location task. Experimental results show that the number of neurons to be allocated in advance in the proposed method is as few as the number of required knowledge concepts, which can significantly reduce the required number of neurons and increase algorithm efficiency.